6. Heng Wu and Heng Yu 恆無 與 恆有

在第三節，老子用「恆無」與「恆有」來說明，現象界中萬物之間的真正的關係。這裡，老子用極為巧妙的語言用詞來描述，老子說：「恆無、欲以觀其所妙；恆有、欲以觀其所徼。」 這即表示：

• 在真正的「無分別」中，萬物的差異還是顯著出來。也就是說：「恆無」中會藴涵著「有」。
• 在真正的「有分別」中，萬物的界限還是會消失。也就是說：「恆有」中會藴涵著「無」。

老子用「妙」來表示妙有的出現，而用「徼」來表示邊界的消失。老子發現每個真正的關係都是「無、有」互相藴涵而形成的。所以，實象是由兩個對立物象「互補」而成。

The Truthful Wu and the Truthful Yu

In the third verse, Laozi introduces the concepts of “Truthful Wu” and “Truthful Yu” as the true relationships between the myriad things in the phenomenal world. Here Laozi uses very subtle words to describe these concepts.

• Laozi says: In the Truthful Wu state (Truthful Wu 恆無), we see the subtle appearance of the myriad things (Yu);
• In the Truthful Yu state (Truthful Yu 恆有), we see the fading of the boundaries between the myriad things (Wu).

Laozi uses the word “Miao 妙” to indicate the subtle appearances of the myriad things and “jiao 徼” to indicate the subtle disappearance of the boundaries between the myriad things. Thus, Laozi discovers that true relationships are mutual inter-penetrations of Wu and Yu at the actuality level. We call this inter-penetration in the actualities as “complementarity” of the objects. Complementarity is a way to restore wholeness.